L’uso di sostanze stupefacenti, soprattutto se ricorrente, protratto o di lunga durata, può comportare l’insorgenza di problemi di natura fisica e psicologica. La prevalenza di disturbi psichiatrici tra i consumatori di sostanze stupefacenti, infatti, sembrerebbe molto più elevata rispetto ai soggetti che non ne fanno uso (Olsson et al., 2015).

Secondo alcune ricerche la presenza di un disturbo di personalità in adolescenza può comportare l’insorgenza di disturbi d’ansia, depressione e l’assenza di relazioni stabili. Tali disturbi sembrerebbero favoriti da abuso di sostanze stupefacenti o problemi sociali (Moran et al., 2016).

Il sistema degli endocannabinoidi sembrerebbe avere un ruolo chiave nell’arborizzazione sinaptica. L’esposizione a sostanze stupefacenti quali la cannabis durante l’adolescenza, quindi, potrebbe portare a modifiche nella sinaptogenesi di ragazzi e ragazze con conseguenti disturbi cerebrali e problemi comportamentali differenti tra i due sessi. L’interazione tra il sistema endocannabinoide e gli ormoni sessuali potrebbe, inoltre, svolgere un ruolo fondamentale nella manifestazione di queste differenze cerebrali genere specifiche agendo sui circuiti coinvolti nella risposta emotiva e motivazionale (Rubino & Parolaro, 2015).

L’uso ricorrente di cocaina sembrerebbe associato ad un peggioramento della qualità della vita e del rendimento scolastico. La qualità della vita viene compromessa dall’uso di cocaina soprattutto relativamente a problemi di salute generale e fisica. I consumatori di cocaina, inoltre, avrebbero una notevole compromissione sociale con necessità di maggiori interventi a sostegno della famiglia, maggiore attenzione alla salute generale, alla qualità della vita al fine di favorire il recupero del benessere (Narvaez et al., 2015).

Video intitolato “Stay Away From Drugs” pubblicato da Jazzy Anne su youtube il 10 ottobre 2017:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5l53Qx4YbLI

Secondo alcuni studi effettuati su giovani brasiliani il consumo di cocaina sembrerebbe associato alla presenza di disturbi quali il disturbo post-traumatico da stress, il disturbo distimico, la Depressione Maggiore, il disturbo d’ansia generalizzato, la fobia sociale, il disturbo di panico con agorafobia, i disturbi di personalità e il rischio di suicidio. Lo stesso vale per altre dipendenze: tabacco, alcol, inalanti, sedativi, allucinogeni, cannabis, anfetamine ed oppioidi (Narvaez et al., 2014). Le donne che fanno uso di sostanze stupefacenti sarebbero più a rischio di soffrire di disturbi di personalità, verrebbero ricoverate in ospedale con una frequenza 5-6 volte maggiore e con un periodo di ricovero dalle 6 alle 8 volte superiore a quello della popolazione generale. Gli interventi per uscire dalla dipendenza comprendono visite psichiatriche, trattamento ospedaliero, percorsi di disintossicazione e riabilitazione (Olsson et al., 2015). L’uso di sostanze stupefacenti rappresenta, pertanto, un serio problema psicosociale che può diventare invalidante se non si chiede aiuto per interromperne l’uso e trattare le conseguenze psicologiche associate.

Riferimenti:

Moran P et al. The influence of personality disorder on the future mental health and social adjustment of young adults: a population-based, longitudinal cohort study (2016). Lancet Psychiatry. 3(7): 636-45.

Narvaez JC et al. Psychiatric and substance-use comorbidities associated with lifetime crack cocaine use in young adults in the general population (2014). Compr Psychiatry. 55(6):1369-76.

Narvaez JC et al.Quality of life, social functioning, family structure, and treatment history associated with crack cocaine use in youth from the general population (2015). Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 12:0.

Olsson TM et al.Women with comorbid substance dependence and psychiatric disorders in Sweden: a longitudinal study of hospital care utilization and costs (2015). BMC Health Serv Res. 15(1):224.

Rubino T & Parolaro D. Sex-dependent vulnerability to cannabis abuse in adolescence (2015). Front Psychiatry. 6:56.

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Di Tiziana Corteccioni

Dott.ssa Tiziana Corteccioni
Medico chirurgo, Specialista in Psichiatria, Psicoterapeuta   

Medico Psichiatra e Psicoterapeuta ad orientamento clinico cognitivo-comportamentale.
Da Ottobre 2010 collabora con il Centro Ricerche Musicali di Roma nel progetto “Musica Emozioni” rivolto a soggetti con difficoltà sul piano emotivo. E' coautrice di pubblicazioni scientifiche.
Da Novembre 2013 collabora con l'Associazione di Clinica Cognitiva del Lazio.
Esercita attività come psichiatra e psicoterapeuta presso vari centri clinici a Roma ed a Perugia nei quali si occupa prevalentemente del trattamento farmacologico e psicoterapeutico di disturbi del sonno, depressione, disturbo bipolare, attacchi di panico, fobie, disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo, disturbi alimentari, disturbi di personalità, dipendenze e schizofrenia.

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