La possibilità di giocare ai videogiochi è diventata un’abitudine molto diffusa e un aspetto importante della vita quotidiana, facilmente accessibile tramite smartphone e computer. La dipendenza da videogiochi può causare un disagio rilevante comportando l’insorgenza di isolamento sociale e problematiche significative in ambito scolastico e/o lavorativo

La sua estremizzazione è rappresentata da una sindrome denominata Hikikomori, scoperta in Giappone e caratterizzata da ritiro sociale, assenza di condivisione emotiva, uso compulsivo di internet e/o videogiochi. La sindrome di Hikikomori presenta dei sintomi in comune con la schizofrenia: nello specifico le manifestazioni cliniche che precedono l’esordio di un disturbo psicotico e la sintomatologia negativa (Stip et al., 2016).

Secondo diverse ricerche scientifiche l’esposizione prolungata a videogiochi presenterebbe effetti nocivi sul sistema nervoso centrale, determinando tolleranza ed astinenza in modo molto simile alle sostanze stupefacenti.

Sintomi quali insonnia e difficoltà di attenzione o concentrazione, infatti, sembrerebbero molto comuni tra gli adolescenti che giocano frequentemente ai videogiochi o che utilizzano i social network.

Video intitolato “Online Gaming Addiction-HD documentary”, caricato su youtube da Train your Brain TV il 28/08/2018:

https://youtu.be/xpflJ8Xx3Eg

L’obiettivo di uno studio è stato quello di esaminare l’associazione tra uso notturno del telefono cellulare e disturbi del sonno tra adolescenti giapponesi. Nella ricerca è stato reclutato un totale di 95680 adolescenti. L’uso quotidiano del telefono cellulare, anche se solo per brevi periodi di tempo, è stato espresso dall’ 84,4% dei soggetti intervistati. L’8,3% dei soggetti ha riferito di usare il proprio telefono cellulare tutti i giorni per chiamare mentre il 17,6% ha dichiarato di utilizzarlo in orari diurni e notturni per l’invio di messaggi di testo.

Dai risultati dello studio è emerso che l’uso del cellulare in orari notturni era associato ad una durata del sonno più breve, ad un riposo di scarsa qualità, ad eccessiva sonnolenza diurna o insonnia (Munezawa et al., 2011).

L’ipotesi che un uso eccessivo del telefono cellulare possa incidere sulla qualità e la durata del riposo notturno sembrerebbe confermata anche nei bambini. Limitare la disponibilità dei cellulari nella camera dei ragazzi scoraggiandone l’uso serale e notturno può essere una valida strategia per favorire il sonno e ridurre l’obesità infantile (Chahal et al., 2013).

Quando i ragazzi rinunciano ad aspetti importanti della propria vita per giocare ai videogiochi è il momento di chiedere aiuto ad uno psicoterapeuta. La psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamentale viene considerato il trattamento di prima scelta nella dipendenza da videogiochi (Stip et al., 2016). La pratica dell’esercizio fisico può contribuire a rafforzare la fiducia in se stessi modulando in maniera significativa la neurofisiologia cerebrale (Nishida et al., 2016).

Riferimenti:

Chahal H et al. Availability and night-time use of electronic entertainment and communication devices are associated with short sleep duration and obesity among Canadian children (2013). Pediatr Obes. 8(1): 42-51.

Munezawa T et al. The association between use of mobile phones after lights out and sleep disturbances among Japanese adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional survey (2011). Sleep. 34(8): 1013-20

Nishida M et al. Jogging Therapy for Hikikomori Social Withdrawal and Increased Cerebral Hemodynamics: A Case Report (2016). Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health.12:38-42. ECollection 2016.

Stip E et al. Internet Addiction, Hikikomori Syndrome, and the Prodromal Phase of Psychosis (2016). Front Psychiatry. 7:6. eCollection 2016.

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Di Tiziana Corteccioni

Dott.ssa Tiziana Corteccioni
Medico chirurgo, Specialista in Psichiatria, Psicoterapeuta   

Medico Psichiatra e Psicoterapeuta ad orientamento clinico cognitivo-comportamentale.
Da Ottobre 2010 collabora con il Centro Ricerche Musicali di Roma nel progetto “Musica Emozioni” rivolto a soggetti con difficoltà sul piano emotivo. E' coautrice di pubblicazioni scientifiche.
Da Novembre 2013 collabora con l'Associazione di Clinica Cognitiva del Lazio.
Esercita attività come psichiatra e psicoterapeuta presso vari centri clinici a Roma ed a Perugia nei quali si occupa prevalentemente del trattamento farmacologico e psicoterapeutico di disturbi del sonno, depressione, disturbo bipolare, attacchi di panico, fobie, disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo, disturbi alimentari, disturbi di personalità, dipendenze e schizofrenia.

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